Oracle 日志挖掘(LogMiner)使用详解

Logminer依赖于2个包:DBMS_LOGMNR和DBMS_LOGMNR_D,Oracle 11g默认已安装

Logminer 基本使用步骤

<1>. Specify a LogMiner dictionary.   指定Logminer字典

<2>. Specify a list of redo log files for analysis.   指定需要挖掘的redo或者archivelog日志文件

<3>. Start LogMiner.    开始日志挖掘

<4>. Request the redo data of interest.    查询V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS获取挖掘的结果

<5>. End the LogMiner session.    结束日志挖掘

日志挖掘使用示例:

1.开启补全日志:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

2.找出需要挖掘的归档日志文件路径

SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOGWHERE FIRST_TIME between to_date(2018-07-06 08:20:00,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) and to_date(2018-07-06 09:40:00,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) order by 1;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/archive/1_342433_904747849.dbf/u01/app/archive/1_342434_904747849.dbf/u01/app/archive/1_342435_904747849.dbf

3.指定Logminer字典 (三选一)

Oracle 11g 指定Logminer字典有三种方法

1.Using the Online Catalog   使用在线目录

2.Extracting a LogMiner Dictionary to the Redo Log Files   抽取字典到redo日志文件中

3.Extracting the LogMiner Dictionary to a Flat File   抽取字典到平面文件中(需要设置UTL_FILE_DIR参数,重启数据库,不推荐)

EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_ONLINE_CATALOG);OREXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD( OPTIONS=> DBMS_LOGMNR_D.STORE_IN_REDO_LOGS);OREXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD(dictionary.ora, /oracle/database/, DBMS_LOGMNR_D.STORE_IN_FLAT_FILE);

4.Logminer中添加归档日志文件

EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE( LOGFILENAME => /u01/app/archive/1_342433_904747849.dbf, OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.NEW);

继续添加日志:

EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE( LOGFILENAME => /u01/app/archive/1_342434_904747849.dbf, OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.ADDFILE);EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE( LOGFILENAME => /u01/app/archive/1_342435_904747849.dbf, OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.ADDFILE);

查看添加的日志列表:

select filename from V$LOGMNR_LOGS;

5.开始日志挖掘 (三选一,与步骤3对应)

EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_ONLINE_CATALOG);OREXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_REDO_LOGS );OREXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(DICTFILENAME =>/oracle/database/dictionary.ora);

6.获取挖掘结果

SELECT username AS USR, (XIDUSN || . || XIDSLT || . || XIDSQN) AS XID, SQL_REDO, SQL_UNDO FROM V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS WHERE username IN (HR, OE);

把挖取结果保存到指定表格中: create table logtab as select * from v$logmnr_contents;

7.结束日志挖掘

EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.END_LOGMNR;

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Oracle 日志挖掘(LogMiner)使用详解