MySQL之information_schema数据库详细讲解

MySQL之information_schema数据库详细讲解

这篇文章主要介绍了关系型数据库之信息模式数据库详细讲解,本篇文章通过简要的案例,讲解了该项技术的了解与使用,以下就是详细内容,需要的朋友可以参考下

1. 概述

信息模式数据库跟性能模式一样,都是关系型数据库自带的信息数据库。其中性能模式用于性能分析,而信息模式用于存储数据库元数据(关于数据的数据),例如数据库名、表名、列的数据类型、访问权限等。

信息模式中的表实际上是视图,而不是基本表,因此,文件系统上没有与之相关的文件。

关系型数据库使用信息模式

读取表信息以完成表名和列名

您可以关闭这个特性,以便用构成动植物的古名或拉丁化的现代名更快地启动

数据库已更改

关系型数据库显示表格;

-

|表格信息模式|

-

|字符集|

|归类|

|归类_字符集_适用性|

|列|

|列特权|

引擎|

|事件|

|文件|

|全局状态|

|全局变量|

| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |

|优化程序_跟踪|

|参数|

分区|

|插件|

|进程列表|

|剖析|

|引用约束|

|惯例|

图式

|模式特权|

|会话状态|

|会话变量|

统计数据|

|表格|

|表空间|

|表约束|

|表格_权限|

|触发器|

|用户权限|

|视图|

| INNODB_LOCKS |

| TRX创新数据库|

| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES |

| INNODB_FT_CONFIG |

| INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL |

| INNODB_CMP |

| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED |

| INNODB_CMP_RESET |

| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX |

| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET |

| INNODB_FT_DELETED |

| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU |

| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS |

| INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO |

| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES |

| INNODB_SYS_TABLES |

| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS |

| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET |

| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE |

| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD |

| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE |

| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE |

| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES |

| INNODB_METRICS |

| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS |

| INNODB_CMPMEM |

| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS |

| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS |

| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN |

| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS |

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集合中有61行(0.00秒)

2. information_schema 库中常用的表

CHARACTER_SETS 表

提供了关系型数据库可用字符集的信息显示字符集;命令从这个表获取结果。

关系型数据库显示字符集;

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|字符集|描述|默认归类最大长度

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| big5 | Big5繁体中文| big5 _中文_ci | 2 |

十二月八日西欧语12月8日瑞典语_ci | 1 |

| cp850 | DOS西欧| cp850_general_ci | 1 |

.

| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows日语| eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |

| gb18030 |中国国家标准GB18030 | gb18030 _中文_ci | 4 |

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集合中有41行(0.07秒)

MySQL SELECT * FROM CHARACTER _ SETS;

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| CHARACTER _ SET _ NAME | DEFAULT _ COLLATE _ NAME |描述最大长度

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| big5 | big5_chinese_ci | Big5繁体中文| 2 |

十月八日瑞典语_ci | DEC西欧语| 1 |

| cp850 | cp850_general_ci | DOS西欧| 1 |

.

| euc jpms | euc jpms _ Japanese _ ci | UJIS for Windows日语| 3 |

gb18030 | gb18030 _中文_ci |中国国家标准GB18030 | 4 |

- - - -

集合中有41行(0.00秒)

SCHEMATA 表

当前关系型数据库实例中所有数据库的信息显示数据库;命令从这个表获取数据。

mysql SELECT * FROM SCHEMATA

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|目录名|架构名|默认字符集名|默认排序规则名| SQL路径|

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| def | information _ schema | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL |

| def | MySQL | latin1 | latin1 _ Swedish _ ci | NULL |

| def | performance _ schema | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL |

| def | sys | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL |

| def | test | utf8 | utf8 _ unicode _ ci | NULL |

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一组10行(0.00秒)

关系型数据库显示数据库;

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|数据库|

-

|信息模式|

| mysql |

|性能模式|

|系统|

测试|

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一组10行(0.00秒)

TABLES 表

存储数据库中的表信息(包括视图),包括表属于哪个数据库,表的类型、存储引擎、创建时间等信息显示xx中的表;命令从这个表获取结果。

mysql SELECT * FROM TABLES

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|表目录|表架构|表名称|表类型|引擎|版本|行格式|表行| AVG行长度|数据长度|最大数据长度|索引长度|数据自由|自动增量|创建时间|更新时间|检查时间|表排序规则|校验和|创建选项|表注释|

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| def | information _ schema | CHARACTER _ SETS | SYSTEM VIEW | MEMORY | 10 | Fixed | NULL | 384 | 0 | 16434816 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2018-04-23 11:51:32 | NULL | NULL | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL | max _ rows=43690 | |

| def |信息模式|排序规则|系统视图|内存| 10 |固定| NULL | 231 | 0 | 16704765 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2018-04-23 11:51:32 | NULL | NULL | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL | max _ rows=72628 | |

.

| def |禅涛| ZT _用户TPL |基表| MyISAM | 10 |动态| 0 | 0 | 0 | 281474976710655 | 1024 | 0 | 1 | 2017-08-16 16:36:45 | 2017-08-16 16:36:45 | NULL | utf8 _ general _ ci | NULL | | ||

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

集合中有525行(3.03秒)

关系型数据库显示来自曾涛的表格;

-

| Tables_in_zentao |

-

| zt_action |

| zt_block |

| zt_branch |

.

| zt_usertpl |

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集合中有48行(0.00秒)

COLUMNS 表

存储表中的列信息,包括表有多少列、每个列的类型等显示schemaname.tablename中的列命令从这个表获取结果。

mysql SELECT * FROM列限制为2,5;

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| TABLE _ CATALOG | TABLE _ SCHEMA | TABLE _ NAME | COLUMN _ NAME | ORDINAL _ POSITION | COLUMN _ DEFAULT | IS _ NULLABLE | DATA _ TYPE | CHARACTER _ MAXIMUM _ LENGTH | CHARACTER _ OCTET _ LENGTH | NUMERIC _ PRECISION | NUMERIC _ SCALE | DATETIME _ PRECISION | CHARACTER _ SET _ NAME | COLLATION _ NAME | COLUMN _ TYPE | COLUMN _ KEY | EXTRA | PRIVILEGES | COLUMN _ COMMENT | GENERATION _ EXPRESSION |

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

| def | information _ schema | CHARACTER _ SETS | DESCRIPTION | 3 | | NO | varchar | 60 | 180 | NULL | NULL | NULL | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | varchar(60)| | | select | | |

| def | information _ schema | CHARACTER _ SETS | MAXLEN | 4 | 0 | NO | bigint | NULL | NULL | 19 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | bigint(3)| | | select | | |

| def | information _ schema | COLLATIONS | COLLATION _ NAME | 1 | | NO | varchar | 32 | 96 | NULL | NULL | NULL | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | varchar(32)| | | select | | |

| def | information _ schema | COLLATIONS | CHARACTER _ SET _ NAME | 2 | | NO | varchar | 32 | 96 | NULL | NULL | NULL | utf8 | utf8 _ general _ ci | varchar(32)| | | select | | |

| def | information _ schema | COLLATIONS | ID | 3 | 0 | NO | bigint | NULL | NULL | 19 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | bigint(11)| | | select | | |

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一组5行(0.08秒)

STATISTICS 表

表索引的信息显示schemaname.tablename中的索引;命令从这个表获取结果。

关系型数据库显示来自深圳用户的索引;

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

| Table | Non _ unique | Key _ name | Seq _ in _ Index | Column _ name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub _ part | Packed | Null | Index _ type | Comment | Index _ Comment |

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| users | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | UserID | A | 1460 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |

|用户| 0 | Account _ index | 1 | Account | A | 1460 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |

| users | 1 | CorpID | 1 | FromID | A | 2 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |

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集合中的3行(0.00秒)

USER_PRIVILEGES 表

用户权限表。内容源自mysql.user授权表。是非标准表。

MySQL SELECT * FROM USER _ PRIVILEGES;

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被授予者|表目录|特权类型|可授予

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| mysql.sys@localhost | def |用法|否|

| root@% | def | SELECT | YES |

| root@% | def | INSERT | YES |

| root@% | def | UPDATE | YES |

| root@% | def | DELETE | YES |

| root@% | def | CREATE | YES |

| root@% | def | DROP | YES |

| root@% | def | RELOAD | YES |

| root@% | def | SHUTDOWN | YES |

| root@% | def | PROCESS | YES |

| root@% | def | FILE | YES |

| root @ % | def | REFERENCES | YES |

| 根@% | def | INDEX | YES |

| root@% | def | ALTER | YES |

| 根 @% | def |显示数据库|是|

| root@% | def | SUPER | YES |

| 根 @% | def |创建临时表|是|

| 根 @% | def |锁定表|是|

| root@% | def | EXECUTE | YES |

| 根 @% | def |复制从属|是|

| 根 @% | def |复制客户端|是|

| 根@“%”| def |创建视图|是|

| root@% | def | SHOW VIEW | YES |

| 根@“%”| def |创建例程|是|

| 根 @% | def | ALTER例程|是|

| 根 @% | def |创建用户|是|

| root@% | def | EVENT | YES |

| root@% | def | TRIGGER | YES |

| 根 @% | def |创建表空间|是|

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集合中有29行(0.00秒)

SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES 表

方案权限表。给出了关于方案(数据库)权限的信息。内容来自mysql.db授权表。是非标准表。

MySQL SELECT * FROM SCHEMA _ PRIVILEGES;

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|被授权者|表目录|表架构|特权类型|是可授予|

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| MySQL。sys @ localhost“| def | sys | TRIGGER | NO |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | SELECT | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | INSERT | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | UPDATE | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | DELETE | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | CREATE | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | DROP | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | REFERENCES | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | INDEX | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | ALTER | YES |

| root@% | def | mysql |创建临时表|是|

| root@% | def | mysql |锁表|是|

| root @ % | def | MySQL | EXECUTE | YES |

| root@% | def | mysql |创建视图|是|

| root@% | def | mysql |显示视图|是|

| root@% | def | mysql |创建例程|是|

| root @ % | def | MySQL | ALTER ROUTINE | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | EVENT | YES |

| root @ % | def | MySQL | TRIGGER | YES |

- - - -

--------------+19 rows in set (0.00 sec)TABLE_PRIVILEGES 表

表权限表。给出了关于表权限的信息。内容源自 mysql.tables_priv 授权表。是非标准表。

mysql> SELECT * FROM TABLE_PRIVILEGES;+-------------------------+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------+--------------+| GRANTEE | TABLE_CATALOG | TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE |+-------------------------+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------+--------------+| mysql.sys@localhost | def | sys | sys_config | SELECT | NO |+-------------------------+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------+--------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)COLUMN_PRIVILEGES 表

列权限表。给出了关于列权限的信息。内容源自 mysql.columns_priv 授权表。是非标准表。

mysql> SELECT * FROM COLUMN_PRIVILEGES;Empty set (0.00 sec)COLLATIONS 表

提供了关于各字符集的对照信息。SHOW COLLATION; 命令从这个表获取结果。

mysql> SELECT * FROM COLLATIONS;+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN |+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+| big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 || big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 || dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 1 || dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 1 |...| gb18030_bin | gb18030 | 249 | | Yes | 1 || gb18030_unicode_520_ci | gb18030 | 250 | | Yes | 8 |+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+222 rows in set (0.03 sec)COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY 表

指明了可用于校对的字符集。相当于 SHOW COLLATION 命令结果的前两个字段。

mysql> SELECT * FROM COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY;+--------------------------+--------------------+| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME |+--------------------------+--------------------+| big5_chinese_ci | big5 || big5_bin | big5 || dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 |...| gb18030_bin | gb18030 || gb18030_unicode_520_ci | gb18030 |+--------------------------+--------------------+222 rows in set (0.00 sec)TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 表

描述了存在约束的表。以及表的约束类型。

mysql> SELECT * FROM TABLE_CONSTRAINTS;+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------+-----------------+| CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONSTRAINT_NAME | TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | CONSTRAINT_TYPE |+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------+-----------------+| def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | columns_priv | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | db | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | engine_cost | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | event | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | func | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | gtid_executed | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | help_category | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | name | mysql | help_category | UNIQUE || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | help_keyword | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | name | mysql | help_keyword | UNIQUE || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | help_relation | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | help_topic | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | name | mysql | help_topic | UNIQUE || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | innodb_index_stats | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | innodb_table_stats | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | ndb_binlog_index | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | plugin | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | proc | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | procs_priv | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | proxies_priv | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | server_cost | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | servers | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | slave_master_info | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | slave_relay_log_info | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | slave_worker_info | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | tables_priv | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | time_zone | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | time_zone_leap_second | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | time_zone_name | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | time_zone_transition | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | time_zone_transition_type | PRIMARY KEY || def | mysql | PRIMARY | mysql | user | PRIMARY KEY || def | sys | PRIMARY | sys | sys_config | PRIMARY KEY || def | zentao | PRIMARY | zentao | zt_action | PRIMARY KEY |...| def | zentao | account | zentao | zt_usergroup | UNIQUE || def | zentao | PRIMARY | zentao | zt_userquery | PRIMARY KEY || def | zentao | PRIMARY | zentao | zt_usertpl | PRIMARY KEY |+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------------------+-----------------+213 rows in set (0.37 sec)KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 表

描述了具有约束的键列。

mysql> SELECT * FROM KEY_COLUMN_USAGE;+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+---------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+| CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONSTRAINT_NAME | TABLE_CATALOG | TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | ORDINAL_POSITION | POSITION_IN_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT | REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA | REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME | REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME |+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+---------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+| def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | columns_priv | Host | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | columns_priv | Db | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | columns_priv | User | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | columns_priv | Table_name | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | columns_priv | Column_name | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |...| def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_leap_second | Transition_time | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_name | Name | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_transition | Time_zone_id | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_transition | Transition_time | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_transition_type | Time_zone_id | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | time_zone_transition_type | Transition_type_id | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | user | Host | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | mysql | PRIMARY | def | mysql | user | User | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL || def | sys | PRIMARY | def | sys | sys_config | variable | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+---------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+278 rows in set (0.03 sec)ROUTINES 表

提供了关于存储子程序(存储程序和函数)的信息。此时,ROUTINES 表不包含自定义函数(UDF)。名为“mysql.proc name”的列指明了对应于 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES 表的 mysql.proc 列。

VIEWS 表

给出了关于数据库中的视图的信息。需要有 show views 权限,否则无法查看视图信息。

mysql> SELECT * FROM VIEWS LIMIT 1G*************************** 1. row *************************** TABLE_CATALOG: def TABLE_SCHEMA: sys TABLE_NAME: host_summary VIEW_DEFINITION: select if(isnull(`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST`),background,`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST`) AS `host`,sum(`stmt`.`total`) AS `statements`,`sys`.`format_time`(sum(`stmt`.`total_latency`)) AS `statement_latency`,`sys`.`format_time`(ifnull((sum(`stmt`.`total_latency`) / nullif(sum(`stmt`.`total`),0)),0)) AS `statement_avg_latency`,sum(`stmt`.`full_scans`) AS `table_scans`,sum(`io`.`ios`) AS `file_ios`,`sys`.`format_time`(sum(`io`.`io_latency`)) AS `file_io_latency`,sum(`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`CURRENT_CONNECTIONS`) AS `current_connections`,sum(`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`TOTAL_CONNECTIONS`) AS `total_connections`,count(distinct `performance_schema`.`accounts`.`USER`) AS `unique_users`,`sys`.`format_bytes`(sum(`mem`.`current_allocated`)) AS `current_memory`,`sys`.`format_bytes`(sum(`mem`.`total_allocated`)) AS `total_memory_allocated` from (((`performance_schema`.`accounts` join `sys`.`x$host_summary_by_statement_latency` `stmt` on((`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST` = `stmt`.`host`))) join `sys`.`x$host_summary_by_file_io` `io` on((`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST` = `io`.`host`))) join `sys`.`x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes` `mem` on((`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST` = `mem`.`host`))) group by if(isnull(`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST`),background,`performance_schema`.`accounts`.`HOST`) CHECK_OPTION: NONE IS_UPDATABLE: NO DEFINER: mysql.sys@localhost SECURITY_TYPE: INVOKERCHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci1 row in set (0.03 sec)TRIGGERS 表

提供了关于触发程序的信息。必须有 super 权限才能查看该表。

mysql> SELECT * FROM TRIGGERS LIMIT 1G*************************** 1. row *************************** TRIGGER_CATALOG: def TRIGGER_SCHEMA: sys TRIGGER_NAME: sys_config_insert_set_user EVENT_MANIPULATION: INSERT EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG: def EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA: sys EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE: sys_config ACTION_ORDER: 1 ACTION_CONDITION: NULL ACTION_STATEMENT: BEGIN IF @sys.ignore_sys_config_triggers != true AND NEW.set_by IS NULL THEN SET NEW.set_by = USER(); END IF; END ACTION_ORIENTATION: ROW ACTION_TIMING: BEFOREACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE: NULLACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE: NULL ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW: OLD ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW: NEW CREATED: 2017-05-27 11:18:43.60 SQL_MODE: DEFINER: mysql.sys@localhost CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8 COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci DATABASE_COLLATION: utf8_general_ci1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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MySQL之information_schema数据库详细讲解